This guide is representative of the 7th edition Publication Manual of APA and focuses on a student paper structure.
APA examples are not exhaustive and focus on referencing and citations. Assistance from your professor and/or Writing Centre is suggested for clarification.
Users are responsible for interpretation of APA style guidelines and to seek further assistance when necessary.
Effective September 2020.
Webpages and websites:
Note: Information found on a website is not always referenced as a webpage or website. If there is a defined category like journal, magazine, news, conference proceeding, or blog, use the reference list entry format for that category not webpages and websites
See Publication Manual 10.16.
Reference list entry:
Statistics Canada. (n.d.). Key indicators. Retrieved July 23, 2020 from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/start
Note: If the site name is different from the author, include it after the title. In this example, they are the same so the site name is eliminated.
Reference list entry:
Bourgeois, D. T. (2019, May 9). Information systems for business and beyond. BCCampus OpenEd. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https://open.bccampus.ca/browse-our-collection/find-open-textbooks/?uuid=15ebfc13-0505-4209-8abb-5baac13336a6&contributor=&keyword=&subject=
Note: Provide as specific a date as is available on the website and a retrieval date. Include the repository of the OER and only create a reference list entry when an OER is available for download. See APA Style.
Reference list entry:
Patel, A. (2020, May 29). Will pets have separation anxiety when we go back to work? Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/6983603/separation-anxiety-pets/
Note: Global News has no print equivalent and therefore is treated as a website.
Reference list entry:
College of Nurses Ontario. (2018, October 20). New opioid dispensing requirements in effect. https://www.cno.org/en/news/2018/october-2018/new-opioid-dispensing-requirements-in-effect/
Note: In this example, the site name is the same as the author so it is not duplicated.
For all of the examples above, the in-text citation follows the same format unless noted with the example. Refer to the Publication Manual, Section 8.17 for explanation with multiple authors.
Parenthetical citation format: (last name of author(s), year)
e.g. (Statistics Canada, n.d.)
e.g. (Patel, 2020)
Narrative citation format: include the author's or authors' names in the sentence, with the date in brackets
e.g. Statistics Canada (n.d.) wrote...
e.g. Patel (2020) wrote...