This guide is representative of the 7th edition Publication Manual of APA and focuses on a student paper structure.
APA examples are not exhaustive and focus on referencing and citations. Assistance from your professor and/or Writing Centre is suggested for clarification.
Users are responsible for interpretation of APA style guidelines and to seek further assistance when necessary.
Effective September 2020.
Reference list entry:
211Ontario.ca. (n.d.). David Busby Centre. In 211Ontario.ca online directory of services. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://211ontario.ca/36281-2_david-busby-centre-drop-in-services-barrie/
In-text citation:
(211Ontario.ca, n.d.)
Reference list entry:
Grande, J.A., Keogh, J., Silva, V., & Scott, A.M. (2020). Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity, and duration of acute respiratory infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010596.pub3
Note: Articles in the Cochrane database are only accessible in that database. Follow the formats for journal references. The database name takes the place of the source.
Reference list entry:
Canadian Pharmacists Association. (2016, November 1). Acetaminophen. CPS. https://cps.pharmacists.ca/
In-text citations:
(Canadian Pharmacists Association, 2016)
Notes: As recommended by APA Style, use the publisher/distributor Canadian Pharmacists Association in the author field. If a particular author or copyright holder is identified, use that for the author field. Identify the database name as the source. This database has limited access and users would not be able to access the information without a license to the database.
Referencing the complete manual
Reference list entry (print version):
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).
Reference list entry (online version):
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Referencing an entry in the manual
Reference list entry (print version):
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).
Entry in DSM-5 (online version)
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x05_Anxiety_Disorders
Note: Because the author and publisher are the same, only use the name in the author field to avoid repetition. For further information, see APA Style.
Reference list entry:
Imagine Canada. (2019, December 3). Robert Kerr Foundation. Grant Connect. Retrieved July 24, 2020, from https://grantconnect.ca/profile/10359
In-text citation:
(Imagine Canada, 2019)
Note: Include the latest date that the information was updated. Use the database name for the source as the information is available only in that database.
Reference list entry:
Ghosh, S. (2018). Smart homes: Architectural and engineering design imperatives for smart city building codes. In 2018 Technologies for Smart-City Energy Security and Power (ICSESP), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSESP.2018.8376676
For more information see APA Style
Reference list entry:
Lachs, W. R. (2005). Area-wide system protection scheme against extreme contingencies. Proceedings of the IEEE, USA, 93(5), 1004-1027. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2005.847263
For more information see APA Style
Reference list entry:
Lizarondo, L., & Bellman, S. (2023). Falls prevention: Person-centered approach (Hospital setting) [Evidence summary]. Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database. https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/jbi-resources
Note: Since Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Databases is a restricted database, we have chosen to link to the distributor's information page. For additional APA examples, see La Trobe University.